Photography is all about capturing light. In fact, the etymology of the word “photograph” is basically “light drawing.” To make a photograph that we can see, we have to control both the amount of light that is exposed to a photosensitive surface, be it film or a digital sensor, and also control the sensitivity of that surface to the light. In this series, we will discuss a bit of the physics and characteristics of light and then how a camera and lens combine to control exposure by using what is commonly known as the “Exposure Triangle.”
The Exposure Triangle comprises aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. These three camera and lens controls work together to regulate the amount of light that makes it to the light-sensitive surface (aperture and shutter speed) and the sensitivity of that surface (film or digital ISO). Not only do those three controls affect the light of a photograph, but they also have unique “side effects.” Aperture controls depth of field, shutter speed can blur or freeze action, and ISO can add or subtract film grain or digital noise from an image.
Each leg of the exposure triangle is going to get a separate article but, before we analyze the three sides of this virtual polygon, we need to establish a photographic foundation with light and exposure.
Light
Exposure can be defined as the amount of light that falls onto the camera's light-sensitive surface. In any given scene, regardless of whether there is natural or artificial light being emitted, there is a measurable amount of light that illuminates your subject.
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